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Clean Water Services is the water resources management utility for more than 542,000 residents in urban Washington County, Oregon and small portions of Multnomah County, Oregon and Clackamas County, Oregon, in the United States. Clean Water Services operates four wastewater treatment facilities, constructs and maintains flood management and water quality projects, and manages flow into the Tualatin River to improve water quality and protect fish habitat.〔Haight, Abby. Stream to get healthy helping of native plants. ''The Oregonian'', November 29, 2007.〕 They are headquartered in Hillsboro.〔Much, Justin. Farmers and neighbors debate use of biosolids. ''Statesman Journal'', November 7, 2007.〕 ==History== In 1969, Oregon’s Department of Environmental Quality placed a temporary halt to new construction in Washington County.〔Tsao, Emily. Skate park search uncovers plans for sewage ponds. ''The Oregonian'', October 24, 2007.〕 On February 3, 1970, ten cities and sixteen sanitary districts combined to form the Unified Sewerage Agency (USA).〔 Later that year voters in the new district approved a $36 million bond measure to consolidate, construct and upgrade USA's regional public wastewater treatment facilities.〔 The Durham Wastewater Treatment Facility opened in 1976, which replaced 14 smaller treatment plants.〔CWS' Durham facility celebrates 30 years of treatment operation. ''The Tualatin Times'', December 28, 2006〕 Two years later six more treatment plants were replaced with the opening of the Rock Creek Wastewater Treatment Facility. As population continued to grow in the service area of USA, the water quality of the Tualatin River worsened. In 1986, the Northwest Environmental Defense Center filed a lawsuit against the United States Environmental Protection Agency, prompting Total maximum daily loads for the Tualatin River.〔(Oregon Water Science Center Active Projects )〕 A Clean Water Act amendment adds regulation of storm-water runoff, and the Rock Creek Facility achieves 99% removal of ammonia nitrogen. In 1988, the Tualatin Valley Water Quality Endowment Fund is established by the Northwest Environmental Defense Center lawsuit. USA worked to maintain the quality of the Tualatin River by establishing Surface Water Management (SWM) utility for water quality and drainage in 1990, and began a $200 million facility expansion and upgrade program to meet compliance deadlines. That same year, the agency established the River Rangers program. USA begins consumption-based rates and combines billing with water providers in 1994. In July 2001, the United Sewerage Agency renamed itself as Clean Water Service at a cost of $60,000.〔Highlights, lowlights and other dubious achievements of the year 2001. ''The Oregonian'', December 27, 2001.〕 Clean Water Service's Operations Building opened in 2003, which is used as a showcase of low impact development and the Administrative Building Complex opens. It is the first LEED Gold certified public building in Washington County. In 2004, the agency began a program to add shade along the watersheds streams and river by planting trees and shrubs to lower temperatures of the waterways.〔Arrandale, Tom. Trading for clean water. ''Governing Magazine'', April 2004. Pg. 32.〕〔Delegation secures $640,000 for water supply project and title transfer process. ''Beaverton Valley Times'' January 3, 2008.〕 This program received approval from environmental regulators and was in lieu of spending $150 million to build chilling systems at the four treatment facilities.〔 The agency's Rock Creek facility won an EPA National Clean Water Act Recognition Award in 2006,〔County treatment site wins honors. ''Forest Grove News Times'' March 14, 2007〕 and in 2008 the Durham facility's Influent Pump Station is the first to earn LEED Silver certification.〔LEEDing the Way. ''Treatment Plant Operator Magazine'' June 2010〕 The following year the Durham plant becomes the United States' first wastewater treatment plant to produce commercial fertilizer.〔Ostara Nutrient Rocovery Technologies Inc.: Oregon Wastewater Treatment Plant Is the First in U.S. to Recycle Nutrients Into "Green" Commercial Fertilizer. ''Wall Street Journal Market Watch'' September 23, 2008〕 In 2010, the Clean Water Institute was established by the agency.〔County spins off patented science biz. Christian Gaston, ''Forest Grove News-Times'' March 4, 2010〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clean Water Services」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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